на русском
I. Theology
Sergey Kornev
Anthropological foundations of transhumanism in the light of the Orthodox teaching about human
For citation:
Kornev S. Antropologicheskiye osnovaniya transgumanizma v svete pravoslavnogo ucheniya o cheloveke [Anthropological foundations of transhumanism in the light of the Orthodox teaching about human] // Trudy Saratovskoi pravoslavnoi dukhovnoi seminarii. [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2023. No 4 (23). pp. 13–25. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2023_23_13
Abstract: The article reveals the anthropological and ethical foundations of transhumanism as the doctrine of overcoming suffering by technical means. It is noted that the basis of the anthropology of transhumanism is the functional understanding of man, in which the body is thought of as one of the functions that can and should be modified in order to improve human nature. The fundamental incompatibility of transhumanistic anthropology and the OrthodoX teaching about man, which is characterized by the recognition of the ontological unity of soul and body and the unconditional value of the latter, is shown. The transhumanistic concept of getting rid of suffering is compared with the OrthodoX understanding of the essence of sorrows, diseases and sufferings. It is emphasized that suffering can only be considered as a relative evil in the context of the purpose of human life, that is, salvation. An attempt is made to determine the criteria for the admissibility of transhumanistic practices. The conclusion is made that it is impossible for Orthodoxy to have a dialogue with transhumanism without transhumanists reconsidering the doctrine of man.
Keywords: anthropology, ethics, man, body, human nature, transhumanism, Orthodoxy, theology, suffering, diseases.
References:
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1. Ermilov K.A. (2021) "Postchelovek, iskusstvennoye telo i predely transgumanizma" [Posthuman, artificial body and the limits of transhumanism]. In: Acta Eruditorum [Journal of Scholars]. No. 37. pp. 47–50. (In Russian). DOI 10.25991/AE.2021.2.37.002.
2. Huxley J. (1957) New Bottles for New Wine. London. (In English).
3. Kovba D.M., Gribovod E.G. (2019) "Teoreticheskiye aspekty fenomena transgumanizma: osnovnyye napravleniya" [Theoretical aspects of the phenomenon of transhumanism: main directions]. In: "Diskurs-Pi" [Discourse-Pi]. Vol. 16. No. 3 (36). pp. 38–52. (In Russian).
4. Larcher J.-C. (2021) "Chelovecheskoye telo v svete pravoslavnogo veroucheniya" [The human body in the light of Orthodox doctrine]. Moscow. (In Russian).
5. Letov O.V. (2008) "Transgumanizm i etika" [Transhumanism and ethics]. In: "Kul'turologiya" [Culturology]. No. 4(47). pp. 18–30. (In Russian).
6. Ranisch R., Sorgner S.L. (eds.) (2014) Post- and Transhumanism: An Introduction. Frankfurt am Main. (In English).
Author information:
Sergey Kornev;
Student of Master's course, Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University for the Humanities;
23B, Novokuznetskaya str., Moscow, 115184, Russian Federation;
Email: c_k_2016@inbоx.ru
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Alexei Maslov, Priest Alexander Kuzmin
The true existence of man according to the teaching of St. Simeon the New Theologian
For citation:
Maslov A., Kuzmin A., priest. Podlinnoye sushchestvovaniye cheloveka po ucheniyu prepodobnogo Simeona Novogo Bogoslova [The true existence of man according to the teaching of St. Simeon the New Theologian] // Trudy Saratovskoi pravoslavnoi dukhovnoi seminarii. [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2023. No 4 (23). pp. 26–46. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2023_23_26
Abstract: The article reveals the main aspects of the teaching of St. Simeon the New Theologian about deification from the perspective of the problems of authentic and inauthentic human existence. An analysis of this teaching is carried out in comparison with the thoughts of some representatives of modern philosophy and sociology. The concept of mysticism is also revealed, the teaching of modern philosophy about the authenticity and inauthenticity of human existence is assessed, and the concepts of existence and deification are differentiated. The article provides characteristics of the authentic and inauthentic existence of a person from the position of the Christian teaching of St. Simeon and from the point of view of some representatives of philosophy and sociology. It is concluded that existence and deification are not the same thing; it is said that inauthentic existence manifests itself in the form of imitation and oblivion, but genuine existence — in the vision of truth, “divine light”, God. The main sign of genuine existence is human repentance and questioning (prayer) (Heb. 5:7–9), and of inauthentic existence — pride and oblivion, which were the reasons for the fall of the first man Adam.
Keywords: Eastern mysticism, deification, authentic human existence, inauthentic human existence, existence, imitation, freedom, repentance, pride.
References:
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1. Bykhovsky B.E. (1972) "K'yerkegor" [Kierkegaard]. Moscow. (In Russian).
2. Desnitsky A. "Novoye slovo Simeona iz Galaty" [New word of Simeon from Galata]. Available at: https://www.pravmir.ru/Xristianin- maksimalist-pochemu-prepodobnyj-simeon-ne-skryval-svoegoduXovnogo-opyta/ (07/21/2023). (In Russian).
3. Duminskaya M.V. (2016) "Problema obreteniya podlinnoy samoidentichnosti v protsesse ekzistentsial'nogo stanovleniya lichnosti" [The problem of acquiring true self-identity in the process of existential formation of personality]. In: "Idei i idealy" [Ideas and ideals]. No. 2 (16), Vol. 2. pp. 11–19. (In Russian).
4. Heidegger M. (1993) "Vremya i bytiye: Stat'i i vystupleniya" [Time and Being: Articles and Speeches]. Moscow. (In Russian).
5. Hilarion (Alfeev) (2017) "Prepodobnyy Simeon Novyy Bogoslov i pravoslavnoye predaniye" [Venerable Simeon the New Theologian and OrthodoX Tradition]. Moscow. (In Russian).
6. Kalinin M. "Chto takoye mistika" [What is mysticism]. Available at: https://magisteria.ru/place-of-clarity-east-syrian-christianmysticism/what-is-mystics (21/07/2023). (In Russian).
7. Kornarakis I. (2018) "Fantasticheskiy khristianin v sravnenii so svyatootecheskim chelovekom" [The fantastic Christian in comparison with the patristic man]. Okhtyrka. (In Russian).
8. Lega V.P. (2016) "Istoriya zapadnoy filosofii: v 2 chastyakh. Chast' 2: Novoye vremya. Sovremennaya zapadnaya filosofiya" [History of Western philosophy: in 2 parts. Part 2: Modern times. Modern Western philosophy]. Moscow. (In Russian).
9. Lifintseva T.P. (1997) "Dialog kak struktura bytiya v religioznom ekzistentsializme Martina Bubera"[Dialogueasastructureofbeinginthe religious existentialism of Martin Buber]. In: "Istoriya filosofii" [History of Philosophy]. No. 1. pp. 48–58. Available at: https://iphlib.ru/library/collection/articles/document/HASH019d27f954175d3726daee71 (07/24/2023). (In Russian).
10. Lossky V.N. (2012) "Ocherk misticheskogo bogosloviya Vostochnoy Tserkvi. Dogmaticheskoye bogosloviye" [Essay on the mystical theology of the Eastern Church. Dogmatic theology]. Sergiev Posad. (In Russian).
11. Lyubokhonskaya O.V. (2013) "Analitika ekzistentsial'nogo u S. K'yerkegora i Maksima Ispovednika" [Analytics of the existential in S. Kierkegaard and Maxim the Confessor]. In: "Vestnik LGU im. A.S. Pushkina" [Bulletin of Leningrad State University named after. A.S. Pushkin]. No. 3. pp. 9–18. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ analitika-ekzistentsialnogo-u-s-kierkegora-i-maksima-ispovednika (10/21/2023). (In Russian).
12. Marcuse G. (1994) "Odnomernyy chelovek" [One-Dimensional Man]. Moscow. (In Russian).
13. Naumov D.A. (2004) "Isikhastskaya misticheskaya traditsiya v vostochnokhristianskoy bogoslovskoy mysli" [Hesychast mystical tradition in Eastern Christian theological thought]. In: "Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta" [Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University]. No. 1. pp. 55–63. Available at: https:// cyberleninka.ru/article/n/isihastskaya-misticheskaya-traditsiyav-vostochnohristianskoy-bogoslovskoy-mysli (07/22/2023). (In Russian).
14. Perlik A. (2003) "Vazhnyye aspekty ucheniya prp. Simeona novogo Bogoslova" [Important aspects of the teachings of St. Simeon the new Theologian]. Available at: https://pravlife-org.turbopages.org/turbo/ pravlife.org/s/ru/content/vazhnye-aspekty-ucheniya-prp-simeonanovogo-bogoslova (22/07/2023). (In Russian).
15. Pobirchenko E.M. (2003) "Mistika Simeona Novogo Bogoslova" [The mysticism of Simeon the New Theologian]. In: "Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta" [Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University]. No. 2. pp. 92–103. Available at: https://cyberleninka. ru/article/n/mistika-simeona-novogo-bogoslova (07/22/2023). (In Russian).
16. Pobirchenko E.M. (2003) "Tema obozheniya v misticheskoy antropologii Simeona Novogo Bogoslova" [The theme of deification in the mystical anthropology of Simeon the New Theologian]. In: "Magistra Vitae: elektronnyy zhurnal po istoricheskim naukam i arkheologii" [Magistra Vitae: electronic journal on historical sciences and archeology]. No. 2 (16). pp. 165–168. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/ article/n/tema-obozheniya-v-misticheskoy-antropologii-simeonanovogo-bogoslova-1 (07/22/2023). (In Russian).
17. Ritzer J. (2002) "Sovremennyye sotsiologicheskiye teorii" [Contemporary sociological theories]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
18. Simeon (Kutsas). "Osobennosti bogoslovskogo ucheniya prp. Simeona novogo Bogoslova" [Features of the theological teaching of St. Simeon the new Theologian]. Available at: https: https://apologet.spb.ru/ ru/871.html (07/21/2023). (In Russian).
19. Simeon the New Theologian (1993) "Tvoreniya: v russkom perevode" [Creations: in Russian]. In 3 vols. Vol. 1. Sergiev Posad. (In Russian).
20. Simeon the New Theologian (1993) "Tvoreniya: v russkom perevode" [Creations: in Russian]. In 3 vols. Vol. 3. Sergiev Posad. (In Russian).
21. Solodov N. "Khristianin-maksimalist. Pochemu prepodobnyy Simeon ne skryval svoyego dukhovnogo opyta?" [Christian maximalist. Why did St. Simeon not hide his spiritual experience?]. Available at: https://www. pravmir.ru/xristianin-maksimalist-pochemu-prepodobnyj-simeon-neskryval-svoego-duxovnogo-opyta/ (07/22/2023). (In Russian).
Authors information:
Alexei Maslov;
Student, Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary;
92 Michurina str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation;
Email:
majority@mail.ruPriest Alexander Kuzmin;
Candidate of Sciences in Philosophy;
Senior Lecturer, Department of Theology, Junior researcher;
Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary;
92 Michurina str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation;
Email:
ortodoxotvet@gmail.comORCID: 0000-0003-2623-8562
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Hieromonk Herman (Andrey Lytus), Dina Sokolova
Russian Orthodox Church in a multicultural state: the example of the Australian Union
For citation:
German (Lytus A.), hieromonk, Sokolova D. Russkaya Pravoslavnaya Tserkov' v mul'tikul'turnom gosudarstve: primer Avstraliyskogo Soyuza [Russian Orthodox Church in a multicultural state: the example of the Australian Union] // Trudy Saratovskoi pravoslavnoi dukhovnoi seminarii. [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2023. No 4 (23). pp. 47–61. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2023_23_47
Abstract: The article gives a brief description of the spiritual situation in the Australian Union. The first OrthodoX liturgies were served by the ship's priests for the sailors who made round-the-world voyages. Stationary churches arose in the first third of the 20th century, when a significant number of refugees from Russia moved to Australia. The flourishing of Orthodoxy on Australian land is associated with the establishment of communist power and the beginning of the persecution of Christians in China. Many Russians who settled there after the revolution of 1917 were forced to once again look for a safe place to live. Currently, there are OrthodoX churches in all major cities of Australia. OrthodoX communities are active in spiritual and educational activities and include not only the descendants of Russian immigrants, but also representatives of other nationalities.
Keywords: Orthodoxy in Australia, religions in Australia, Russian
emigrants, social role of the parish.
References:
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1. Blandov A.A. (2013) "Komplektovaniye rossiyskogo flota pravoslavnym dukhovenstvom v XVIII v." [Recruitment of the Russian fleet by OrthodoX clergy in the 18th century]. In: "Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Istoriya" [Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Story]. No. 4. pp. 153–160. (In Russian).
2. Drobotushenko E.V. (2019) "Russkiy pravoslavnyy Svyato-Nikolayevskiy prikhod v Brisbene (Avstraliya): k istorii pervonachal'nogo
sushchestvovaniya" [Russian OrthodoX St. Nicholas parish in Brisbane (Australia): on the history of its original existence]. In: "Gosudarstvo, obshchestvo, Tserkov' v istorii Rossii XX–XXI vekov: Materialy XVIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, Ivanovo 03–04 aprelya 2019 goda" [State, society, Church in the history of Russia of the XX–XXI centuries: Materials of the XVIII International Scientific Conference, Ivanovo, April 03–04, 2019]. Ivanovo. pp. 82–87. (In Russian).
3. Kanevskaya G.I. (2007) "Russkaya immigratsiya i rossiyskoavstraliyskiye otnosheniya (k 200-letiyu ustanovleniya kontaktov mezhdu Rossiyey i Avstraliyey)" [Russian immigration and RussianAustralian relations (to the 200th anniversary of the establishment of contactsbetween Russiaand Australia)]. In:"Vestnik Dal'nevostochnogo otdeleniya RAN" [Bulletin of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. No. 5. pp. 65–74. (In Russian).
4. Kanevskaya G.I. (2008) "Iskhod russkikh iz Kitaya (po vospominaniyam russkikh avstraliytsev)" [The exodus of Russians from China (according to the memoirs of Russian Australians)]. In: "Vestnik Dal'nevostochnogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk" [Bulletin of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. No. 2. pp. 125–132. (In Russian).
5. Kanevskaya G.I. (2017) "«Zaselit' ili pogibnut'». Immigratsionnaya politika Avstralii (XIX — nachalo XXI vekov)" [“Populate or Perish”. Immigration policy of Australia (XIX — early XXI centuries)]. Vladivostok. (In Russian).
6. Pogrebinsky M.B., Tolpygo A.K. (eds.) (2013) "Krizis mul'tikul'turalizma i problemy natsional'noy politiki" [The crisis of multiculturalism and problems of national policy]. Moscow. (In Russian).
7. Protopopov M.A. (2005) The Russian OrthodoX presence in Australia: The History of a Church told from recently opened archives and previously unpublished sources. Roma. (In English).
8. Skorobogatykh N.S., Stelmakh V.G. (2011) "Rol' Russkoy Pravoslavnoy tserkvi Zagranitsey v skladyvanii i sokhranenii kul'turnogo yedinstva russkoy diaspory v Avstralii" [The role of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad in the formation and preservation of the cultural unity of the Russian diaspora in Australia]. In: "YugoVostochnaya Aziya: aktual'nyye problemy razvitiya" [Southeast Asia: current problems of development]. No. 17. pp. 367–389. (In Russian).
9. Tamis A.M. (2009) Greek OrthodoXy in Australia. In: The encyclopedia of religion in Australia. Melbourne. pp. 477–492. (In English).
10. Vasilyeva V.E. (2020) "Russkiy Kentlin" [Russian Kentlin]. In: "Aktual'nyye problemy vostokovedeniya: Materialy IX Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii po vostokovedeniyu, Khabarovsk, 20 marta 2020 goda" [Current problems of Oriental studies: Materials of the IX International Scientific and Practical Conference on Oriental Studies, Khabarovsk, March 20, 2020]. Khabarovsk. pp. 201–206. (In Russian).
Authors information:
Hieromonk Herman (Andrey Lytus);
Candidate of Theology;
Vice-Rector for educational work, Senior Lecturer, Department of Church History;
Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary;
92 Michurina str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation;
Email:
lytus@mail.ruORCID: 0000-0001-9464-8809
Dina Sokolova;Candidate of Sciences in Philosophy
Senior Lecturer, Department of Theology;
Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary;
92 Michurina str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation;
Email:
felkon.87@mail.ruORCID: 0000-0001-6715-5822
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II. Philosophy
Yuliya Duplinskya
The doctrine of evolving humanity in the perspective of the development of High Hume technologies: a critical analysis
For citation:
Duplinskya Yu. Doktrinaevolyutsioniruyushchegochelovechestva v perspektiverazvitiya High-Hume tekhnologiy: kriticheskiyanaliz [The doctrine of evolving humanity in the perspective of the development of High Hume technologies: a critical analysis] // Trudy Saratovskoipravoslavnoidukhovnoiseminarii. [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2023. No 4 (23). pp. 62–79. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2023_23_62
Abstract: It is stated that the topic of the relationship between science and religion is regaining relevance, since science begins to claim the status of a new "religion of the 21st century." The evolutionary paradigm, outgrowing the framework of science, begins to transform into something like a new religious ideology. Science tries to create projects of salvation of mankind and projects of immortality competing with traditional religions. The example is a technoproject known as transhumanism, the purpose of which is proclaimed as the improvement of man on the basis of the latest technologies and the transition from humanity to the "highest race" — posthumanity. A peculiar convergence is stated between neo-occult teachings on the evolution of human races and counter-intentions on the part of science. It is proved that good intentions to improve homo sapiens with the help of high-hume technologies can lead to a violation of fine balance and a breakdown into one of the opposite poles of psychopathology of altered states of consciousness. The prospects for the techno-evolutionary development of mankind in the aspect of the appearance of such a symptom of schizophrenic disorders as a multiple personality are analyzed. It is concluded that destructive changes in the psyche will occur not in the line of a single highway, but in polar opposite directions: 1. in the direction of simplifying the human personality, when meaningful actions are reduced to automatics of machine-like behavior, 2. in the direction of excessive complication of the psyche, which generates symptoms of schizophrenic splitting.
Keywords: evolutionary paradigm, technoevolution, transhumanism, psychopathology of altered states of consciousness.
References:
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1. Bandler R, Grinder D. (2007) "Struktura magii" [The Structure of Magic]. Moscow. (In Russian).
2. Bergson A. (1992) "Materiya i pamyat'" [Matter and memory]. In: "Sobraniyesochineniy" [Collected Works]. In 4 vols. Vol. 1. Moscow. (In Russian).
3. Chalmers D. (2015) "Soznayushchiy um. V poiskakh fundamental'noy teorii" [The Conscious Mind. In search of a fundamental theory]. Moscow. (In Russian).
4. Collins F. (2008) "Dokazatel'stvo Boga. Argumenty uchenogo" [The Proof of God. Scientist's arguments]. Moscow. (In Russian).
5. Duplinskaya Yu. M., Friauf V.A. (2018) "Problema slozhnosti mirozdaniya v polemicheskom dialoge mezhdu naukoy i teologiyey" [The problem of the complexity of the universe in the polemical dialogue between science and theology]. In: "Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. Seriya Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika" [News of Saratov University. New episode. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy]. Vol. 18, issue 4. pp. 371–377. (In Russian).
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8. Florovsky G. (2005) "Vostochnyye ottsy tserkvi" [Eastern Church Fathers]. Moscow. (In Russian).
9. Freud Z. (2023) "YA i Ono" [The Ego and the Id]. Moscow. (In Russian).
10. Godefroy J. (1992) "Chto takoye psikhologiya" [What is psychology]. In 2 vols. Vol. 1. Moscow. (In Russian).
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12. Hunt G. (2004) "O prirode soznaniya" [On the nature of consciousness]. Moscow. (In Russian).
13. Jaspers K. (2020) "Obshchaya psikhopatologiya" [General psychopathology]. Moscow. (In Russian).
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15. Lacan J. (1949) Le Stade du miroir comme formateur de la fonction du Je: telle qu'elle nous est révélée dans l'expérience psychanalytique [The Mirror Stage as formative of the function of the I: as it is revealed to us in the psychoanalytic experience]. In: Revue française de psychanalyse [French journal of psychoanalysis]. Octobre. pp. 449– 455 (In French).
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Author information:
Yuliya Duplinskya;
Doctor of Sciences in Philosophy, Associate Professor;
Professor of Department of Theoretical and Social Philosophy;
Saratov State University;
10A Volskaya str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation;
Stanislav Gurin
The phenomenon of foolishness for Christ.
A review of the modern Russian literature. T. Goricheva
For citation:
Gurin S. Fenomen yurodstva. Obzor sovremennoy literatury.
T. Goricheva. [The phenomenon of foolishness for Christ. A review of the modern Russian literature. T. Goricheva] // Trudy Saratovskoi pravoslavnoi dukhovnoi seminarii. [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2023. No 4 (23). pp. 80–107. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2023_23_80
Abstract: The article reviews the modern Russian literature (after 1991) devoted to the study of the phenomenon of foolishness for the sake of Christ. Holy fools are the rank of saints of the OrthodoX Church, who bore a special spiritual and ascetic feat, which consisted of abandoning the generally accepted norms of life and accepting for the sake of humility a special way of behavior that looks like the behavior of a person deprived of reason. Foolishness for Christ's sake is a rare form of holiness, specific, exceptional. Foolishness for Christ's sake has a historical and cultural framework. This is a phenomenon of Orthodoxy, mainly Russian Orthodoxy of the Middle Ages. A comparison is made between Orthodoxy and postmodernism. Unlike Orthodoxy, postmodernism rejects any hierarchy both in society and in existence, denies absolute existence, and especially the personal Absolute.
Keywords: T. Goricheva, literature, Orthodoxy, foolishness, holy fools, holiness, postmodernism, cynicism, apophaticism, hesychasm.
References:
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8. Goricheva T.M. (2008) "Molchaniye zhivotnykh" [The Silence of Animals]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
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10. Goricheva T.M. (2015) "O svyashchennom bezumii. Khristianstvo v sovremennom mire: filosofskiye esse" [About sacred madness. Christianity in the modern world: philosophical essays]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
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14. Khoruzhy S.S. "Isikhazm i «politicheskiy isikhazm»: k utochneniyu ponyatiy" [Hesychasm and "political hesychasm": to clarify the concepts]. Available at: https://synergia-isa.ru/biblioteka/ biblioteka-horuzhij/#H (04/09/2023). (In Russian).
15. Khoruzhy S.S. (1997) "Rod ili nedorod? Zametki k ontologii virtual'nosti" [Genus or non-genus? Notes on the ontology of virtuality]. In: "Voprosy filosofii" [Questions of Philosophy]. 1997. No. 6. pp. 53–68. (In Russian).
16. Khoruzhy S.S. (1998) "K fenomenologii askezy" [Toward the phenomenology of asceticism]. Moscow. (In Russian).
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18. Lossky V.N. (1985) "Apofaticheskoye bogosloviye v uchenii svyatogo Dionisiya Areopagita" [Apophatic theology in the teachings of Saint Dionysius the Areopagite]. In: "Bogoslovskiye trudy" [Theological works]. 1985. Coll. 26. pp. 163–172. (In Russian).
19. Lossky V.N. (2006) "Bogovideniye" [Vision of God]. Moscow. (In Russian).
20. Mikhailova M.V. (2000) "Apofatika v postmodernizme" [Apophatics in postmodernism]. In: "Simvoly, obrazy, stereotipy sovremennoy kul'tury" [Symbols, images, stereotypes of modern culture]. Saint Petersburg. pp. 166–179. (In Russian).
21. Petrunin V.V. (2009) "Politicheskiy isikhazm i yego traditsii v sotsial'noy kontseptsii Moskovskogo Patriarkhata" [Political hesychasm and its traditions in the social concept of the Moscow Patriarchate]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
22. Shestakov V.P. (1995) "Eskhatologiya i utopiya: Ocherki russkoy filosofii i kul'tury" [Eschatology and utopia: Essays on Russian philosophy and culture]. Moscow. (In Russian).
23. Shmaliy V. (2001) "Apofaticheskoye (otritsatel'noye) bogosloviye" [Apophatic (negative) theology]. In: "Pravoslavnaya Entsiklopediya" [Orthodox Encyclopedia]. Vol. 3. Moscow. pp. 134–140. (In Russian).
24. Sloterdijk P. (2009) "Kritika tsinicheskogo razuma" [The Critique of Cynical Reason]. Ekaterinburg; Moscow. (In Russian).
25. Sokal A., Bricmont J. (2002) "Intellektual'nyye ulovki. Kritika sovremennoy filosofii postmoderna" [Intellectual tricks. Criticism of modern postmodern philosophy]. Moscow. (In Russian).
26. Sophrony (Sakharov) (2006) "Videt' Boga kak On yest'" [Seeing God as He is]. Essex. (In Russian).
27. Zenkin S.N. (2012) "Nebozhestvennoye sakral'noye: Teoriya i khudozhestvennaya praktika" [The Undivine Sacred: Theory and Artistic Practice]. Moscow. (In Russian).
Author information:
Stanislav Gurin;
Doctor of Sciences in Philosophy, Professor;
Senior Lecturer, Department of Theology;
Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary;
92 Michurina str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation;
Professor, Department of Philosophy and
Methodology of Science;
Saratov State University;
10A Volskaya str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation;
Email: gurin-sp@yandex.ru
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Mikhail Orlov, Dmitry Maslov
Deification as the meaning of life
For citation:
Orlov M., Maslov D. Obozheniye kak smysl zhizni [Deification as the meaning of life] // Trudy Saratovskoi pravoslavnoi dukhovnoi seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2023. No 4 (23). pp. 108–127. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2023_23_108
Abstract: In the worldview system of any person, the question of the meaning of life is central. However, if for a non-Christian the truth that makes sense of life is something unknown and therefore the movement towards it comes from somewhere from the periphery, then in the worldview system of Christians the meaning-forming truth, which is Christ, is known from the beginning and therefore the ways of understanding the world around us and oneself in it is radically opposite — the entire value range of a person, starting from this Truth, is rethought in the light of the Christian faith79. It causes value-based changes in the nature of the very topology of the world — Christ becomes the dwelling, clothing and food of a Christian. Such a metamorphosis is also possible due to the difference in the specifics of the path to comprehend the meaning of life. For a Christian, this is not just a process of rational and empirical knowledge, but what in Eastern Christianity, from the first centuries of its existence, was called deification — the acquisition by man of Divine properties through communion with the nature of God by grace. Deification covers all aspects of Christian doctrine — dogmatics, soteriology, ecclesiology, asceticism, etc., all spheres of Christian life — personal, family, civil, etc. All this is possible, since deification for a person is ontologically conditioned — the first man, Adam, was called to it as his own appointment. Now that the second Adam, Christ, has restored the fallen nature of man, to be called to deification means to be first of all Christians. The purpose of this article is to trace the ontological connection between the ideological category “meaning of life” and deification, as well as to reveal the essence of deification and the features of its acquisition.
Keywords: deification, communion with the Divine nature, eternalbeing, good-being, the meaning of life, objective good, subjective good, absolute good, the grace of God, love αγάπη, the Eucharist.
References:
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1. Berdyaev N.A. (1931) "O naznachenii cheloveka" [On the purpose of man]. Paris. (In Russian).
2. Berdyaev N.A. (2011) "Dukh i real'nost': osnovy bogochelovecheskoy dukhovnosti" [Spirit and reality: foundations of theanthropic spirituality]. Minsk. (In Russian).
3. Bulyko I. "Ucheniye ob obozhenii v bogoslovii Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi" [The doctrine of deification in the theology of the OrthodoX Church]. In: Studia Humanitatis [The study of humanity]. 2015. No. 1. Available at: http://st-hum.ru/content/ieromonah-ioann-bulyko-uchenie- ob-obozhenii-v-bogoslovii-pravoslavnoy-cerkvi (09/19/2020). (In Russian).
4. Florovsky G.V. (1992) "Vostochnyye ottsy V–VIII vekov" [Eastern fathers of the V–VIII centuries]. Moscow. (In Russian).
5. Frank S.L. "O smysle zhizni" [About the meaning of life]. Available at: http://bookscafe.net/book/frank_semen-o_smysle_zhizni-204637. html (08/03/2022). (In Russian).
6. Frankl V. (2012) "Skazat' zhizni «Da!»: Psikholog v kontslagere" [Saying “Yes!” to Life: A Psychologist in a Concentration Camp]. Moscow. (In Russian).
7. Frankl W. (1990) "Chelovek v poiskakh smysla" [Man's Search for Meaning]. Moscow. (In Russian).
8. Gregory Palamas (1995) "Triady v zashchitu svyashchennobezmolvstvuyushchikh" [Triads in Defense of the Sacred and Silent]. Moscow. (In Russian).
9. Igumnov P. (1994) "Vestnik Svyato-Filaretovskogo instituta" [OrthodoX moral theology]. Sergiev Posad. (In Russian).
10. Jaspers K. (2013) "Razum i ekzistentsiya" [Reason and EXistence]. Moscow. (In Russian).
11. Kamensky N. (2014) "Svyatoy Afanasiy Velikiy i yego izbrannyye tvoreniya" [Saint Athanasius the Great and his selected creations]. Minsk. (In Russian).
12. Kern K. (2006) "Yevkharistiya" [The Eucharist]. Moscow. (In Russian).
13. Lewis K.S. "Nastignut radost'yu" [Overtaken by joy]. Available at: https://azbyka.ru/fiction/nastignut-radostyu/ (28/10/2020). (In Russian).
14. Lossky V.N. "Nastignut radost'yu" [In the image and likeness]. Available at: https://predanie.ru/book/72701-po-obrazu-i-podobiyudrugie-stati/ (09/19/2020). (In Russian).
15. Lossky V.N. (2004) "Ocherk misticheskogo bogosloviya Vostochnoy Tserkvi. Dogmaticheskoye bogosloviye" [Essay on the mystical theology of the Eastern Church. Dogmatic theology]. Kyiv. (In Russian).
16. Lossky V.N. (2007) "Bogovideniye" [Vision of God]. Minsk. (In Russian).
17. Macarius of Egypt (2005) "Dukhovnyye besedy" [Spiritual conversations]. Wedge. (In Russian).
18. Mamardashvili M.K. (1995) "Lektsii o Pruste: Psikhologicheskaya topologiya puti)" [Lectures on Proust: Psychological topology of the path)]. Moscow. (In Russian).
19. Meyendorff I. (2013) "Paskhal'naya tayna: Stat'i po bogosloviyu" [Paschal mystery: Articles on theology]. Moscow. (In Russian).
20. Olesnitsky M.A. "Nravstvennoye bogosloviye" [Moral theology]. Available at: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Markellin_Olesnickij/ nravstvennoe-bogoslovie/ (31/07/2021). (In Russian).
21. Patrakova A.P. (2015) "Ot sekulyarnoy antropologii bezopasnosti k khristianskoy antropologii obshcheniya" [From secular anthropology of security to Christian anthropology of communication]. In: "Vestnik Svyato-Filaretovskogo instituta" [Bulletin of the St. Philaret Institute]. No. 16. pp. 36–48. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsekulyarnoy-antropologii-bezopasnosti-k-hristianskoy-antropologiiobscheniya (06/10/2023). (In Russian).
22. Schmid W. (2003) "Narratologiya" [Narratology]. Moscow. (In Russian).
23. Simeon the New Theologian (1993) "Tvoreniya: v russkom perevode" [Creations: in Russian translation]. In 3 vols. Vol. 1. Sergiev Posad. (In Russian).
24. Trubetskoy E.N. (1994) "Smysl zhizni" [The meaning of life]. Moscow. (In Russian).
25. Zenkovsky V.V. (2001) "Istoriya russkoy filosofii" [History of Russian philosophy]. Moscow. (In Russian).
Authors information:
Mikhail Orlov;
Doctor of Sciences in Philosophy, Associate Professor;
Senior Lecturer, Department of Theology;
Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary
92 Michurina str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation;
Head of the Department of Theology and Religious Studies, Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy;
Saratov State University,
10A Volskaya str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation;
Email: orok-saratov@mail.ru
ORCID: 0000-0001-7312-5881
Dmitry Maslov;
Student, Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary;
92 Michurina str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation;
Email:
serebrist_81@mail.ru
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III. History
Sergey Maksimov
Letter to Avitus by St. Jerome of Stridon and Epistle to Menas by Emperor Justinian the Great as material for identifying the structure of the first book of "On First Principles" by Origen
For citation:
Maximov S. Pis'mo k Avitu blazhennogo Iyeronima Stridonskogo i Poslaniye k Mine imperatora Yustiniana Velikogo kak material dlya vyyavleniya struktury pervoy knigi traktata Origena "O nachalakh" [Letter to Avitus by St. Jerome of Stridon and Epistle to Menas by Emperor Justinian the Great as material for identifying the structure of the first book of "On First Principles" by Origen] // Trudy Saratovskoi pravoslavnoi dukhovnoi seminarii. [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2023. No 4 (23). pp. 128–163. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2023_23_128
Abstract:The article analyzes the quotations from Origen's «On First Principles» cited in the Letter to Avitus by St. Jerome of Stridon and the Epistle to Menas by Emperor Justinian the Great. The conclusions of previous studies concerning the study of the problem of the reliability of the Latin translations of Origen's «On First Principles» by Rufinus and St. Jerome are summarized. The author of the article offers a number of clarifications regarding the assessment of the reliability of Latin translations of the treatise. An attempt is made to compare the quotations from the two anti-Origenist sources with the text of the first book of the Latin translation of Rufinus of Aquileia. A hypothetical reconstruction of the original text is proposed for some places in the first book of the treatise. The sequence of the material presented in the Latin translation of Rufinus is compared with the order of the Letter to Avitus by St. Jerome of Stridon. On the basis of this comparison, as well as the content of the Epistle to Mina by Justinian the Great, an attempt is made to clarify the author's structure of the first book of the work. Based on the sequence of material presented in the texts of St. Jerome and Justinian, an attempt is made to clarify the authorial structure of the work.
Keywords: Origen, On First Principles, St. Jerome of Stridon, Justinian the Great, Rufin of Aquileia, latin translation, structural interpretation.
References:
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1. Bardy G. (1923) Recherches sur l'histoire du texte et des versions latines du De Principiis d'Origène [Research on the history of the text and the Latin versions of Origen's De Principiis]. Paris. (In French).
2. Crouzel H. (1976) Les Personnes de la Trinité sont-elles puissance inégale selon Origène, Peri Archon I. 3, 5–8? [Are the Persons of the Trinity unequal in power according to Origen, Peri Archon I. 3, 5–8?]. In: Gregorianum [Gregorianum]. Vol. 57, No. 1. pp. 109–125. (In French).
3. Crouzel H. (1987) Rufino traduttore del «Peri Archon» di Origene [Rufinus translator of Origen's «Peri Archon»]. In: Rufino di Concordia e il suo tempo [Rufinus of Concordia and his time]. Vol. I. Udine. pp. 29–39. (In Italian).
4. Crouzel H. (1988) Jérôme traducteur du Peri Archôn d’Origène [Jérôme translator of Origen's Peri Archôn]. In: Jérôme entre l’Occident et l’Orient [Jérôme entre l'Ouest et l'Orient]. Paris. pp. 153–161. (In French).
5. Crouzel H. (1992) Les prologues de Rufin à ses traductions d’Origène [The prologues of Rufinus to his translations of Origen]. In: Storia ed esegesi in Rufino di Concordia [Storia ed esegesi in Rufino di Concordia]. Udine. pp. 109–120. (In French).
6. Fernandez S. (2014) Gli interventi dottrinali di Rufino nel De Principiis di Origene [Rufinus' doctrinal interventions in Origen's De Principiis]. In: L’Oriente in Occidente. L’Opera di Rufino di Concordia [The East in the West. The Works of Rufinus by Concordia]. Brescia, 2014. pp. 27–44. (In Italian).
7. Grappone A. (2007) Omelie origeniane nella traduzione di Rufino. Un confronto con i testi greci [Origenian homilies in Rufinus' translation. A comparison with the Greek texts]. Roma. (In Italian).
8. Grappone A. (2014) Omelie tradotte e/o tradite? [Homilies translated e/o betrayed?]. In: L’Oriente in Occidente. L’Opera di Rufino di Concordia [The East in the West. The Works of Rufinus by Concordia]. Brescia. pp. 59–115. (In Italian).
9. Kettler F.H. (1966) Der ursprüngliche Sinn der Dogmatik des Origenes [The original meaning of Origen's dogmatics]. Berlin. (In German).
10. Maksimov S.A. (2023) "Problema dostovernosti latinskikh perevodov traktata Origena «O nachalakh», vypolnennykh Rufinom Akvileyskim i blzh. Iyeronimom Stridonskim" [The problem of the reliability of the Latin translations of Origen’s treatise “On the Elements”, performed by Rufinus of Aquileia and Blessed. Jerome of Stridon. In: "Vestnik Omskoy Pravoslavnoy Dukhovnoy Seminarii" [Bulletin of the Omsk OrthodoX Theological Seminary]. No. 2 (15). (In Russian).
11. Pace N. (1922) Un passo discusso della traduzione rufiniana del “Peri Archon” di Origene (I 6, 2) [A discussed passage from Rufinus' translation of Origen's “Peri Archon” (I 6, 2)]. In: Storia ed esegesi in Rufino di Concordia [History and exegesis in Rufinus of Concordia]. Udine. pp. 199–220. (In Italian).
12. Pace N. (1990) Ricerche sulla traduzione di Rufino nel «De Principiis» di Origene [Research on the translation of Rufinus in Origen's «De Principiis»]. Firenze. (In Italian).
13. Prinzivalli E. (2015) L’originale e la traduzione di Rufino [The original and the translation by Rufino]. In: Origenes. Werke. Bd. XIII. Die neuen Psalmenhomilien. Eine kritische Edition des Codex Monacensis Graecus 314 [Origen. Factories. Vol. XIII. The new psalm homilies. A critical edition of the Codex Monacensis Graecus 314]. Berlin. S. 35–58. (In Italian).
14. Rius-Camps J. (1987) Localisation à l’intérier du De Principiis d’Origène-Rufin de certains extraits sur les êtres raisonnables conservés par Jérôme [Location within the De Principiis of Origen-Rufinus of certain extracts on reasonable beings preserved by Jerome]. In: Vigiliae Christianae [Vigiliae Christianae]. 41. 1987. pp. 209–225. (In French).
15. Seregin A.V. (2005) "Gipoteza mnozhestvennosti mirov v traktate Origena «O nachalakh»" [The hypothesis of the plurality of worlds in Origen’s treatise “On the Beginnings”]. Moscow. (In Russian).
16. Sfameni Gasparro J. (1986) Aspetti della controversia origeniana: le traduzioni latine del Peri Archon [Aspects of the Origen controversy: the Latin translations of the Peri Archon]. In: Augustinianum [Augustinianum]. XXVI, 1–2. pp. 191–205. (In Italian).
17. Sfameni Gasparro J. (1987) Il problema delle citazioni del Peri Archon nella Lettera a Mena di Giustiniano [The problem of the citations of the Peri Archon in Justinian's Letter to Mena]. In: Origeniana Quarta. Die Referate des 4. Internationalen Origeneskongress (Innsbruck, 2–6 September 1985) [Origeniana Quarta. Die Referate des 4. Internationalen Origeneskongress (Innsbruck, 2–6 September 1985)]. Innsbruck – Wien. pp. 54–75. (In Italian).
18. Winkelmann F. (1970) Einige Bemerkungen zu den Aussagen des Rufinusvon Aquileiaunddes Hieronymusüberihre Übersetzungstheorie und methode [Some comments on the statements of Rufinus of Aquileia and Jerome about their translation theory and method]. In: Kyriakon. Vol. II. Festschrift Johannes Quasten [Kyriakon. Vol. II. Festschrift Johannes Tassen]. Münster. pp. 532–547. (In German).
Author information:
Sergey Maksimov;
Graduate of postgraduate studies, Moscow Theological Academy;
Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra, Sergiev Posad, 141300,
Russian Federation
Publications
Archpriest Valery Lavrinov
The fate of the Gregorian bishop: Metropolitan Vissarion (Zornin) (based on the materials of the archival investigative case)
For citation:
Lavrinov V., archpriest. Sud'ba grigorianskogo arhiereya: mitropolit Vissarion (Zornin) (po materialam arhivno-sledstvennogo dela) [The fate of the Gregorian bishop: Metropolitan Vissarion (Zornin) (based on the materials of the archival investigative case)] // Trudy Saratovskoi pravoslavnoi dukhovnoi seminarii. [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary].
2023. No 4 (23). pp. 164–189. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2023_23_164
Abstract: One of the structures into which the Russian Orthodox Church split up in the 1920s was the Provisional Supreme Church Council, nowadays commonly referred to as the Gregorian Schism, which is equated with Renovationism. In our opinion, such an approach is not entirely objective, and the VVC can rather be attributed to the right-wing opposition to Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky), along with the Josephites, "true OrthodoX Christians" and "non-remembering".
Founded in 1925, this movement existed for about 12 years and in 1937 was defeated by the state security agencies, which was accompanied by the physical destruction of the vast majority of its figures. The pretext for this was a case fabricated by the chekists about the so-called "All-Union Anti-Soviet Church Organization", allegedly headed by the head of the Moscow Patriarchate, Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky), the head of the Renovationist Church, Metropolitan Vitaly (Vvedensky) and the chairman of the Supreme Church Council, Metropolitan Vissarion (Zornin). At the same time, the first two of the listed figures were not subjected to repression — presumably due to the fact that the chekists had other plans for them. The VCU was significantly inferior to them in terms of the number of supporters, and, obviously, the "authorities" recognized that its further use in the internal church struggle was inappropriate.
For the entire period of the existence of the VVCC/VCC, it was headed by only two people: Metropolitans Grigory (Yatsovsky) (1925–1932) and Vissarion (Zornin) (1934–1937), and the second of them is relatively little known. Interesting information about him is contained in the investigative case of 1937, now located in the Central Archive of the FSB of Russia, the materials of which have not been published anywhere until now. This work, in particular, contains the full text of a very voluminous protocol of the bishop's interrogation from this case, dated October 20, 1937.
Metropolitan Vissarion (Zornin) was shot on November 25, 1937, on the basis of a resolution of the Troika of the NKVD in the Moscow region. To date, his life and work should be recognized as worthy of further study by historians.
Keywords: Provisional Supreme Church Council (Gregorian Schism), Metropolitan Grigory (Yatskovsky), Metropolitan Vissarion (Zornin/Zorin), repression against the clergy, investigative case of 1937, interrogation protocol.
References:
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1. Bovkalo A.A., Vasilyeva N.Yu., Lipakov E.V. (2004) "Vissarion (Zornin)" [Vissarion (Zornin)]. In: "Pravoslavnaya entsiklopediya" [Orthodox Encyclopedia]. Vol. 8. Moscow. pp. 545–547. (In Russian).
2. Lavrinov V.V. (2018) "Vremennyy Vysshiy Tserkovnyy Sovet i yego rol' v istorii Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi (1925–1945)" [The Provisional Supreme Church Council and its role in the history of the Russian OrthodoX Church (1925–1945)]. Ekaterinburg. (In Russian).
3. Mazyrin A.V. (2014) "Posledneye delo i smert' «Mitropolita Moskovskogo» Borisa (Rukina): k voprosu o yego samoubiystve" [The last case and death of "Metropolitan of Moscow" Boris (Rukin): on the issue of his suicide]. In: "Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia II: Istoriia. Istoriia Russkoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvi" [St. Tikhon's University Review. Series II: History. The history of the Russian OrthodoX Church]. No. 57 (2). pp. 90–97. (In Russian).
Author information:
Archpriest Valery Lavrinov;
Candidate of Sciences in History;
Cleric of the Church-on-the-Blood in the name of All Saints, who have shone in the Russian land, Yekaterinburg diocese;
10, Tsarskaya str., Yekaterinburg, 620000, Russian Federation;
Email:
lavri-val@mail.ruORCID: 0009-0006-6506-404X
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Book Reviews
Mikhail Kovshov
Homiletics and scientific exegesis of Colossians and Philemon (on the new commentaries of the Kerux series)
Book review: Adam Copenhaver and Jeffrey D. Arthurs. Colossians and Philemon. Kerux Commentaries. Grand Rapids (MI): Kregel Ministry, 2021. 281 pp.
For citation:
Kovshov M. Gomiletika i nauchnaya ekzegeza poslaniy k Kolossyanam i Filimonu (o novykh kommentariyakh serii Kerux). [Homiletics and scientific exegesis of Colossians and Philemon (on the new commentaries of the Kerux series)]. Book review: Adam Copenhaver and Jeffrey D. Arthurs. Colossians and Philemon. Kerux Commentaries. Grand Rapids (MI): Kregel Ministry, 2021. 281 pp. // Trudy Saratovskoi pravoslavnoi dukhovnoi seminarii. [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2023. No 4 (23). pp. 190–195. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2023_23_190
References:
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Copenhaver A., Arthurs J. (2021) Colossians and Philemon. KeruX Commentaries. Grand Rapids. (In English).
Author information:
Mikhail Kovshov;
Candidate of Theology, Associate Professor;
Associate Professor of the Department of Biblical Studies;
Moscow Theological Academy;
Holy Trinity-St. Sergius lavra, Sergiev Posad, 141300,
Russian Federation;
Perervinskaya Orthodox Theological Seminary;
82 Highway str., Moscow, 109383, Russian Federation
ORCID: 0000-0003-0656-1135