Section I. Theology
Ideological Boundaries of Early Сhristianity: New Testament Polemics Against the Sadducees and Pharisees in a Comparative-Historical Perspective
For citation:
Sakhnevich S. Ideologicheskiye granitsy rannego khristianstva: novozavetnaya polemika s saddukeyami i fariseyami v sravnitel'no-istoricheskoy perspektive [Ideological boundaries of early Сhristianity: Тew Еestament polemics against the sadducees and pharisees in a comparative-historical perspective] // Trudy Saratovskoj Pravoslavnoj Duhovnoj Seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No. 2 (33). pp. 13–41. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_13
Abstract
The study is devoted to analyzing the ideological boundaries of early Christianity within the context of its New Testament polemics against two key Jewish movements of the Second Temple period: the Pharisees and the Sadducees. The aim of the work is to test the hypothesis of a possible tactical or doctrinal rapprochement between the first Christians and the Sadducees, based on a number of external parallels, such as shared criticism of the Pharisaic oral tradition. The methodological framework includes comprehensive discourse analysis, quantitative content analysis of references in the Greek New Testament text (Nestle-Aland 28), as well as comparative-doctrinal and historical-critical analysis. The results revealed a significant quantitative asymmetry: the Pharisees are mentioned 89 times, while the Sadducees are mentioned only 14 times. However, qualitative analysis demonstrated a fundamental difference in the nature of the conflict: the polemic against the Pharisees is emotionally accusatory and conducted within a shared ethical framework, whereas criticism of the Sadducees is restrained and focused on fundamental doctrinal differences (denial of resurrection, angels). To interpret the data, a two-factor model of ideological schisms was applied, which classifies the conflict with the Pharisees as "fraternal enmity" (high doctrinal affinity, high competition) and with the Sadducees as "systemic antagonism" (low doctrinal affinity). The Transitus Statim method enabled the reinterpretation of the quantitative disparity as evidence not of proximity, but of a profound worldview chasm between early Christianity and Sadducean rationalism. The research refutes the hypothesis of rapprochement and contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of religious identity formation.
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References
Show list ▼1. Barclay J.M.G. (2015) Paul and the Gift. Grand Rapids (MI). (In English).
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5. Isaev B.A. (2008) "Teoriya partiy i partiĭnykh sistem" [Theory of parties and party systems]. Moscow. (In Russian).
6. Logutova M.G. et al. (2015) "Religioznyye voĭny vo Frantsii XVI v. Novyye istochniki, novyye issledovaniya, novaya periodizatsiya" [Religious Wars in France in the 16th Century. New Sources, New Research, New Periodization]. St. Petersburg; Moscow. (In Russian).
7. Mason S. (1992) Josephus and the New Testament. Peabody (MA). (In English).
8. Nestle E., Aland K. (2012) Novum Testamentum Graece. 28 Auflage. [The New Testament in Greek. 28 Edition]. Stuttgart. (In Greek, German and English).
9. Newman H. (2006) Proximity to Power and Jewish Sectarian Groups of the Ancient Period. A Review of Lifestyle, Values, and Halakhah in the Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and Qumran. Leiden; Boston. (In English).
10. Sakhnevich S.V. (2025) "Ot teorii k praksisu: verifikatsiya metoda Transitus Statim cherez analiz simulyakrov i razrabotku taktik" [From Theory to Praxis: Verification of the Transitus Statim Method through Simulacrum Analysis and Tactical Development]. In: "Tsifrovoiĭ uchёnyĭ: laboratoriya filosofa" [Digital Scientist: A Philosopher's Laboratory]. Vol. 8. No. 4. pp. 62–82. (In Russian).
11. Sakhnevich S.V. (2025) "Transitus statim: preodoleniye metakonflikta cherez operatsional'nyĭ zhest perenaznacheniya simulyakra" [Transitus statim: Overcoming meta-conflict through the operational gesture of repurposing the simulacrum]. In: "Vestnik MIRBIS" [MIRBIS Bulletin]. No. 4 (44). pp. 194–208. (In Russian).
12. Saldarini A.J. (2001) Pharisees, Scribes and Sadducees in Palestinian Society: A Sociological Approach. Grand Rapids (MI); Livonia (MI); Cambridge. (In English).
13. Satlow M.L. (2014) How the Bible Became Holy. New Haven; London. (In English).
14. Stemberger G. (1995) Jewish Contemporaries of Jesus: Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes. Minneapolis. (In English).
15. Stroumsa G.G. (2015) The Making of the Abrahamic Religions in Late Antiquity. Oxford. (In English).
16. VanderKam J.C. (2012) The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Bible. Grand Rapids (MI). (In English).
Author information
Sergey Sakhnevich
Academic degree, title: Candidate of Sciences in Philology, Associate Professor
Position: Associate Professor of the Department of Linguistics
Institute of Business Career
Address: 32 Nizhegorodskaya str., bl. 5, Moscow, 109029, Russian Federation
Email: crash68@yandex.ru
ORCID: 0000-0002-2068-9250
Homily About the Dead from the Stable Composition of the Triodion Torzhestvennik (Undertaken Theological Analysis)
For citation:
Motin A., deacon. Slovo ob umershikh iz ustoychivogo sostava triodnogo Torzhestvennika (opyt teologicheskogo analiza) [Homily about the dead from the stable composition of the triodion Torzhestvennik (undertaken theological analysis)] // Trudy Saratovskoj Pravoslavnoj Duhovnoj Seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No. 2 (33). pp. 42–67. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_42
Abstract
This article is devoted to one of the readings included in the stable composition of the Triodion Torzhestvennik — the Old Russian liturgical collection of words and teachings of the XV–XVII centuries, the readings of which are timed to special days of the triodic cycle.
The research was conducted within the framework of practical theology.
It raises the issues of determining the original source and authorship, sets the time frame for the creation of the work, identifies the monuments of writing and the creations that it influenced, defines the place of reading as part of the divine service, analyzes its content.
Comparative, textual, theological and philological methods were applied in the course of the work.
The conducted research led to the following conclusions. The Homily about the dead is a monument of Old Russian writing, created in the XII–XV centuries. The pseudepigraph of St. John Chrysostom, associated with one of the works of St. Ephraim the Syrian, was used as a source. The Homily about the dead had an impact on the subsequent literary legacy. It is primarily catechetical in nature, forming a holistic view of death from the point of view of Orthodoxy.
Keywords:
References
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2. Barankova G.S. (2023) "«Slovo o mytare i fariseye» v chet'ikh sbornikakh smeshannogo i ustoychivogo sostava XIV–XVI vekov: tekstologicheskiy i lingvisticheskiy aspekty issledovaniya" [The Tale of the Publican and the Pharisee" in Reading Collections of Mixed and Stable Composition of the 14th–16th Centuries: Textual and Linguistic Aspects of the Study]. In: "Trudy Instituta russkogo yazyka im. V.V. Vinogradova" [Transactions of the V.V. Vinogradov Institute of the Russian Language]. No. 1. pp. 44–65. (In Russian).
3. Barankova G.S. (2023) "Tsikl Slov i Poucheniy na Chetyredesyatnitsu i nedeli, podgotovitel'nyye k ney, v chet'ikh sbornikakh smeshennogo i ustoychivogo sostava XIV–XVI vv." [The Cycle of Sermons and Sermons for Lent and the Weeks Preparatory to It in Reading Collections of Mixed and Stable Composition of the 14th–16th Centuries]. In: "Slavyanskiy al'manakh" [Slavic Almanac]. No. 3–4. pp. 210–229. (In Russian).
4. Chertoriskaya T.V. (1980) "O nachal'nykh etapakh formirovaniya drevnerusskikh literaturnykh sbornikov Zlatoust i Torzhestvennik (triodnogo tipa)" [On the Initial Stages of the Formation of the Old Russian Literary Collections Zlatoust and Torzhestvennik (Triod Type)]. In: "O nachal'nykh etapakh formirovaniya drevnerusskikh literaturnykh sbornikov Zlatoust i Torzhestvennik (triodnogo tipa)" [Source Studies of the Literature of Ancient Rus’]. Leningrad. pp. 96–114. (In Russian).
5. Chertoriskaya T.V. (1990) "Torzhestvennik i Zlatoust v russkoy pis'mennosti XIV–XVII vv." [Torzhestvennik and Zlatoust in Russian Literature of the 14th–17th Centuries]. In: "Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii po opisaniyu slavyano-russkikh rukopisnykh knig" [Methodological Recommendations for the Description of Slavic¬Russian Manuscripts]. Vol. 3. Part 2. Moscow. pp. 329–374. (In Russian).
6. Eremin I.G. (1968) "Lektsii po drevney russkoy literature" [Lectures on Ancient Russian Literature]. Leningrad. (In Russian).
7. Fomina M.S. (1985) "Zlatostruy" [Zlatostruy]. In: "Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoy literatury" [Transactions of the Department of Old Russian Literature]. Vol. 39. pp. 244–246. (In Russian).
8. Larcher J.¬C. (2021) "Chto takoye bogosloviye? Metodologiya pravoslavnogo bogosloviya v yego praktike i prepodavanii" [What is Theology? Methodology of Orthodox Theology in its Practice and Teaching]. Moscow. (In Russian. Transl. from French).
9. Likhachev D.S. (1983) "Tekstologiya. Na materiale russkoy literatury X–XVII vekov" [Textual Criticism. Based on Russian Literature of the 10th–17th Centuries]. Leningrad. (In Russian).
10. Motin A.G. (2025) "Chteniya predvaritel'nykh nedel' Velikogo posta ustoychivogo sostava triodnogo Torzhestvennika: materialy k issledovaniyu" [Readings from the Preliminary Weeks of Great Lent of the Fixed Composition of the Triodion Triodion: Materials for Research]. In: "Sretenskoye slovo" [Sretenskoye Slovo]. No. 2 (14). pp. 189–202. (In Russian).
11. Polskov K.O. (2025) "Kto takoy sovremennyy akademicheskiy bogoslov i pri chem tut bogoslovskiy metod?" [Who is a Modern Academic Theologian and What Does the Theological Method Have to Do with It?]. In: "Vestnik PSTGU. Seriya I: Bogosloviye. Filosofiya. Religiovedeniye" [Vestnik of St. Tikhon’s Orthodox University. Series I: Theology. Philosophy. Religious Studies]. Issue 122. pp. 11–27. (In Russian).
12. Reinhart J. (2024) "Slovo ob usopshikh Anastasiya Sinayskogo v slavyanskom perevode (CPG 7752; PG 89, 1192–1201)" [The Sermon on the Dead by Anastasius of Sinai in Slavic Translation (CPG 7752; PG 89, 1192–1201)]. In: "Slavyanskoye i balkanskoye yazykoznaniye" [Slavic and Balkan Linguistics]. Iss. 24. "Paleoslavistika – 5" [Paleoslavistics – 5]. pp. 85–102. (In Russian).
13. Tochilina L.N. (2000) "Strukturnyye osobennosti didakticheskikh proizvedeniy drevnerusskoy gomiletiki (opyt vnutrizhanrovoy differentsiatsii)" [Structural Features of Didactic Works of Old Russian Homiletics (An Attempt at Intra¬Genre Differentiation)]. In: "Germenevtika drevnerusskoy literatury" [Hermeneutics of Old Russian Literature]. Col. 10. Moscow. pp. 88–98. (In Russian).
Author information
Deacon Artem Motin
Position: postgraduate student, Sretensky Theological Academy
Address: 19, Bolshaya Lubyanka str., bl. 3, Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation
Email: motin.a.g.57@gmail.com
Formation of Cultural Identity of Schoolchildren Through the Synthesis of Local and Universal Cultural Codes (Using the Example of the Project "Roads of Russian Culture")
For citation:
Borodovitsyn A., priest. Formirovaniye kul'turnoy identichnosti shkol'nikov cherez sintez lokal'nogo i universal'nogo kul'turnogo koda (na primere proyekta «Dorogami russkoy kul'tury») [Formation of cultural identity of schoolchildren through the synthesis of local and universal cultural codes (using the example of the project "Roads of Russian Culture")] // Trudy Saratovskoj Pravoslavnoj Duhovnoj Seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No. 2 (33). pp. 68–88. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_68
Abstract
This article examines the problem of fostering cultural identity among schoolchildren amid the ongoing processes of digitalization, the virtualization of communication, and the erosion of traditional value systems. Drawing on the project "By the Roads of Russian Culture" (Saratov), which was implemented at the Holy Trinity Cathedral with the participation of the youth theater "Enchantй", the author presents a comprehensive pedagogical model comprising three interrelated stages. The first stage — a guided tour of the cathedral — enables participants to appropriate the local cultural code through engagement with the history, architecture, and sacred artifacts of the city's oldest stone edifice. The second stage consists of a theatrical performance based on the works of N.V. Gogol, which facilitates immersion into a universal cultural code and affords a visual experience of moral dichotomies (passion versus virtue). The third stage is an interactive discussion that reflexively consolidates these oppositions, incorporating theatrical sketches and dialogue with priests, the director, and the actors. It is demonstrated that the synthesis of the spiritual and the secular, the contemplative and the active, as well as the involvement of two age cohorts — schoolchildren as spectators and university students as performers — promote the conscious internalization of values among adolescents and young adults. The project engaged 630 participants and generated 108 media publications. The proposed model is replicable in other regions.
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References
Show list ▼1. Bochaver A.A., Dokuka S.V., et al. (2019) "Blagopoluchiye detey v tsifrovoy epokhe. Doklad k XX Aprel'skoy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii po problemam razvitiya ekonomiki i obshchestva" [Children's Well¬Being in the Digital Age. Report for the XX April International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development] Moscow, April 9–12, 2019. Moscow. (In Russian).
2. Bychkov V.V. (1999) "2000 let khristianskoy kul'tury. Podvid estetiki" [2,000 Years of Christian Culture: A Subtype of Aesthetics]. In 2 vols. Vol. 1. "Ranneye khristianstvo. Vizantiya" [Early Christianity. Byzantium]. Moscow; St. Petersburg. (In Russian).
3. Fedonkina A.A. (2025) "Osobennosti psikhicheskogo razvitiya detey i podrostkov v usloviyakh tsifrovizatsii obshchestva" [Peculiarities of Mental Development of Children and Adolescents in the Context of Digitalization of Society]. In: "Psikhologiya i pravo" [Psychology and Law]. No. 15 (3). pp. 24–36. (In Russian).
4. Gusakova V.O. (2014) "Khram kak integrativnoye obrazovatel'noye prostranstvo v dukhovno¬nravstvennom vospitanii starsheklassnikov" [The Church as an Integrative Educational Space in the Spiritual and Moral Education of High School Students]. In: "Vestnik Novgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. Yaroslava Mudrogo" [Bulletin of the Yaroslav the Wise Novgorod State University]. No. 79. pp. 23–26. (In Russian).
5. Kislova O.N., Kazantseva G.A., Kovkina I.V. (2024) "Vospitatel'nyy potentsial teatral'noy deyatel'nosti v formirovanii lichnosti rebenka" [The Educational Potential of Theatrical Activity in the Formation of a Child's Personality]. In: "Pan-Art" [Pan-Art]. Vol. 4. Iss. 4. pp. 310–316. (In Russian).
6. Kotlyarov I.V. (2022) "Kul'turnyy kod: k novoy sisteme tsennostey (sotsial'no-filosofskiye trendy)" [Cultural code: towards a new system of values (socio-philosophical trends)]. In: "Mir nauki. Sotsiologiya, filologiya, kul'turologiya" [World of Science. Sociology, Philology, Cultural Studies]. Vol. 13. No. 3. Available at: https://sfk¬mn.ru/PDF/48SCSK322.pdf (10/06/2026). (In Russian).
7. Shushpanova O.V., Golubeva N.I. et al. (2024) "Klinicheskiye osobennosti depressivnykh rasstroystv v detskom i podrostkovom vozrastakh" [Clinical Features of Depressive Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence]. In: "Sibirskiy vestnik psikhiatrii i narkologii" [Siberian Bulletin of Psychiatry and Narcology]. No. 4 (125). pp. 47–55. (In Russian).
8. Vinogradov I.A. (2022) "Uchitel'stvo i propoved' v pervoy napechatannoy povesti N.V. Gogolya («Bisavryuk, ili Vecher nakanune Ivana Kupala», 1830)" [Teaching and Sermon in N.V. Gogol's First Published Story ("Bisavryuk, or The Evening on the Eve of Ivan Kupala," 1830)]. In: "Problemy istoricheskoy poetiki" [Problems of Historical Poetics]. No. 20 (1). pp. 54–109. (In Russian).
9. Yazykova I.K. (2012) "Sotvoreniye obraza. Bogosloviye ikony" [Creation of the Image. Theology of the Icon]. Moscow. (In Russian).
Author information
Priest Alexander Borodovitsyn
Position: Postgraduate Student, Saratov State University
Address: 10A Volskaya str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation
Position: Senior Lecturer, Department of Biblical Studies, Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary
Address: 92 Michurina str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation
Email: borodovitcyn@yandex.ru
Section II. Philosophy
On the Question of Anthropomorphism: Various Models of Understanding the Ancient World
For citation:
Bogatov M., Bogatova D. K voprosu ob antropomorfizme: razlichnyye modeli ponimaniya antichnogo mira [On the question of anthropomorphism: various models of understanding the ancient world] // Trudy Saratovskoj Pravoslavnoj Duhovnoj Seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No. 2 (33). pp. 89–104. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_89
Abstract
At the very beginning, using Wilhelm Nestle's "from myth to logos" as an example, the question is raised about the inevitable basis of this and similar transitions — humanity. It is precisely humanity that serves as the inevitable foundation for any development or decline we observe in the course of history. The presence of such a common denominator for the study of history inevitably leads to the production of various forms of anthropomorphism. This article explores two basic patterns of anthropomorphization: understanding the other through the human being and understanding the human being through the other. In the first case, we deal with three approaches: paradigmatic (objectifying), hermeneutic, and analogical. In the second case, we can speak both of humans assimilating themselves to their own technological inventions (watches, computers, etc.) and of attempts to identify their essence through non-technical things: gods, animals, plants, etc. Particular attention is paid to the question of the historical choice that befalls each era, guided by which humans are forced to understand themselves through one being or another. The article concludes and poses key questions for further research into the problem of anthropomorphism.
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References
Show list ▼1. Andriyanova E.A., Tikhonova S.V. et al. (2008) "Mify etogo mira" [Myths of this world]. Moscow. (In Russian).
2. Averintsev S.S. (transl.) (2005) "Izbrannye psalmy" [Selected Psalms] Moscow. (In Russian).
3. Cassidy F. (2003) "Ot mifa k logosu. Stanovleniye grecheskoy filosofii" [From myth to logos. The formation of Greek philosophy]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
4. Dodds E.R. (2000) "Greki i irratsional'noe" [The Greeks and the Irrational]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
5. Gasparov M.L. (2001) "Zapisi i vypiski" [Notes and Excerpts]. Moscow. (In Russian).
6. Khaidegger M. (2023) "Shelling o sushchnosti chelovecheskoĭ svobody" [Schelling. Treatise on the Essence of Human Freedom]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
7. Nestle W. (1942) Vom Mythos zum Logos: die Selbstentfaltung des griechischen Denkens von Homer bis auf die Sophistik und Sokrates [From Myth to Logos: The Self-Development of Greek Thought from Homer to the Sophists and Socrates]. Stuttgart. (In German).
8. Rattsinger I. (2006) "Chem derzhitsia mir. Dopoliticheskie moral'nye osnovy liberal'nogo gosudarstva" [That Which Holds the World Together — the Pre-political Moral Foundations of a Free State]. In: Khabermas IU., Rattsinger I. "Dialektika sekuliarizatsii. O razume i religii" [The Dialectics of Secularization. On Reason and Religion]. Moscow. (In Russian).
9. Shichalin Yu. A. (2000) "Istoriia antichnogo platonizma v institutsional'nom aspekte" [The History of Ancient Platonism in Its Institutional Aspect]. Moscow. (In Russian).
10. Tseller Ė. (1996) "Ocherk istorii grecheskoĭ filosofii" [The Philosophy of Greeks in their Historical Development]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
11. Zaĭtsev A.I. (2005) "Grecheskaia religiia i mifologiia" [Greek Religion and Mythology]. A Course of Lectures. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
Author information
Mikhail Bogatov
Academic degree, title: Doctor of Sciences in Philosophy, Associate Professor
Position: Professor of the Department of Theoretical and Social Philosophy,
Saratov State University
Address: 10A Volskaya str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation
Email: m_bogatov@mail.ru
ORCID: 0000-0003-2831-918X
Daria Bogatova
Academic degree, title: Candidate of Sciences in Philosophy
Position: Associate Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Humanities and Psychology
Saratov State Medical University
Address: 112 Bolshaya Kazachia str., Saratov, 410012, Russian Federation
Email: darialpavlova@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0001-8696-3980
Reminiscence As an Ontological Landscape: The Historical-Philosophical Genealogy of the Concept
For citation:
Romaschenko M. Reministsentsiya kak ontologicheskiy landshaft: istoriko-filosofskaya genealogiya kontsepta [Reminiscence as an ontological landscape: the historical-philosophical genealogy of the concept] // Trudy Saratovskoj Pravoslavnoj Duhovnoj Seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No. 2 (33). pp. 105–121. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_105
Abstract
The article is devoted to the historical and philosophical analysis of the evolution of the concept of reminiscence from antiquity to the present day. The author traces the transformation in the understanding of reminiscence: from the Platonic anamnesis as an epistemological act of encountering eternal truths to its radical ontological rethinking. Special attention is paid to the Hermetic tradition (G. Bruno), where reminiscence for the first time becomes associated with creative imagination and the magical cognition of universal connections. Drawing on the teachings of P. Ricoeur, W. Benjamin, E. Levinas, and J. Derrida, the study demonstrates a shift towards understanding reminiscence as an event that constitutes temporality, ethical relations, and the very fabric of human existence. The paper shows how, through the phenomenology of performative memory, the philosophy of history with its «weak Messianic powers», the metaphysics of the trace of the Other, and the deconstruction of presence, a new understanding of memory is formed. Based on this analysis, the article proposes a methodological model of the «ontological landscape», which includes three dimensions: «contours» (boundaries of meaning and zones of oblivion), «texture» (the sensory, material givenness of experience), and «trace» (the imprint of the Other in the present). This model can serve as a tool for the non¬linear analysis of the philosophical tradition, overcoming the limitations of the "archival" paradigm and the linear history of ideas, allowing us to account for the role of intellectual reminiscences, ruptures, and the unspoken in the development of thought.
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References
Show list ▼1. Beniamin V. (2005) "Berlinskaia khronika" [Berlin Chronicle]. In: Pavlov E. "Shok pamiati. Avtobiograficheskaia poetika Val'tera Beniamina i Osipa Mandel'shtama" [The Shock of Memory. The Autobiographical Poetics of Walter Benjamin and Osip Mandelstam]. Moscow. pp. 164–208. (In Russian).
2. Beniamin V. (2012) "Uchenie o podobii. Mediaesteticheskie proizvedeniia" [The Doctrine of the Similar. Media¬Aesthetic Works]. Moscow. (In Russian. Transl. from German).
3. Derrida J. (2000) "O grammatologii" [Of Grammatology]. Moscow. (In Russian. Transl. from French).
4. Eko U. (2009) "Poiski sovershennogo iazyka v Evropeiskoi kul'ture" [The Search for the Perfect Language in European Culture]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian. Transl. from Italian).
5. Fuko M. (2004) "Arkheologiia znaniia" [The Archaeology of Knowledge]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian. Transl. from French).
6. Ieits F. (2000) "Dzhordano Bruno i germeticheskaia traditsiia" [Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition]. Moscow. (In Russian).
7. Levinas E. (1998) "Vremia i drugoi" [Time and the Other]. Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
8. Podoroga V. (2021) "Metafizika landshafta. Kommunikativnye strategii v filosofskoi kul'ture XIX–XX vekov" [The Metaphysics of Landscape. Communicative Strategies in the Philosophical Culture of the 19th — 20th Centuries]. Moscow. (In Russian).
9. Riker P. (2004) "Pamiat', istoriia, zabvenie" [Memory, History, Forgetting]. Moscow. (In Russian. Transl. from French).
Author information
Maria Romaschenko
Academic degree, title: Candidate of Sciences in Philosophy, Associate Professor
Position: Associate Professor of the Department of History and Philosophy,
Saratov State Technical University named after Yu.A. Gagarin
Address: 77, Politehnicheskaya str., Saratov, 410054, Russian Federation
Email: mariroma14@mail.ru
ORCID: 0000-0003-4860-4017
Transformation of the Religious and Moral Foundations of Soviet Society in the Conditions of the Great Patriotic War and Post-Secular Processes in Modern Russia
For citation:
Tagayev M., priest. Transformatsiya religiozno-nravstvennykh osnovaniy sovetskogo obshchestva v usloviyakh Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny i postsekulyarnyye protsessy v sovremennoy Rossii [Transformation of the religious and moral foundations of soviet society in the conditions of the Great patriotic war and post-secular processes in modern Russia] // Trudy Saratovskoj Pravoslavnoj Duhovnoj Seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No. 2 (33). pp. 122–140. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_122
Abstract
The article focuses on the study of the religious and moral foundations of Soviet society during the Great Patriotic War and the analysis of post-secular processes in modern Russia. It examines the historical background of the relationship between the church and the state in the USSR, from the 1917 Revolution to the Second World War. The article analyzes the changes in the state policy towards religion that occurred as a result of the extraordinary circumstances of wartime, and their implications for the future development of religious consciousness in Russia. It examines current trends in desecularization and their impact on public sentiment, demonstrating how religious and national symbols are integrated into modern Russian culture. The study reveals the complexity and multiplayered nature of the religious and moral identity of Russian society, showing how the religiosity of the Russian population is preserved and adapted in the face of political changes and crises.
Keywords:
References
Show list ▼1. Akopov G.V. (2015) "Mental'nost' kak gruppovoye soznaniye" [Mentality as Group Consciousness]. A Textbook for the Course "Psychology of Mentality" for the Master's Degree in Psychology. Samara. (In Russian).
2. Anikin D.A. (2020) "Pamyat' o Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne kak simvolicheskiy resurs: osobennosti funktsionirovaniya v religioznom soobshchestve" [The Memory of the Great Patriotic War as a Symbolic Resource: Features of Functioning in the Religious Community]. In: "Studia Humanitatis" [Studia Humanitatis]. No. 1. pp. 24–34. (In Russian).
3. Beglov A. (2008) "V poiskakh «bezgreshnykh katakomb». Tserkovnoye podpol'ye v SSSR" [In Search of "Sinless Catacombs." The Church Underground in the USSR]. Moscow. (In Russian).
4. Beglov A.L. (2018) "Mezhdunarodnaya deyatel'nost' Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi v period «novogo kursa» v gosudarstvenno-tserkovnykh otnosheniyakh. Osnovnyye etapy i krizisnyye yavleniya" [The International Activities of the Russian Orthodox Church during the “New Deal” in Church-State Relations. Key Stages and Crisis Phenomena]. In: "Kontury global'nykh transformatsiy: politika, ekonomika, pravo" [Outlines of Global Transformations: Politics, Economics, Law]. Vol. 11. No. 4. pp. 104–129. (In Russian).
5. Bell D. (2004) "Gryadushcheye postindustrial'noye obshchestvo. Opyt sotsial'nogo prognozirovaniya" [The Coming Postindustrial Society: An Experience of Social Forecasting]. Moscow. (In Russian).
6. Chesnova E.N., Yakimova E.G., Martyanov E.Yu. (2014) "Kvazireligioznyye i eskhatologicheskiye osnovaniya etiki stalinizma" [Quasi-religious and eschatological foundations of the ethics of Stalinism]. In: "Gumanitarnyye vedomosti TGPU im. L.N. Tolstogo" [Humanitarian Bulletin of the Tolstoy State Pedagogical University]. No. 2 (10). pp. 59–67. (In Russian).
7. Krinko E.F. (2015) "Religioznaya zhizn' v tylu i na fronte v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny" [Religious Life in the Rear and at the Front During the Great Patriotic War]. In: "Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta" [Bulletin of the Orenburg State Pedagogical University]. No. 1 (13). pp. 98–112. (In Russian).
8. Mozhilin S.I. (2024) "Sovest' i istoricheskaya pamyat' v kontekste rossiyskoy kul'tury" [Conscience and Historical Memory in the Context of Russian Culture]. In: "Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. Seriya: Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika" [Bulletin of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy]. Vol. 24. No. 3. pp. 289–294. (In Russian).
9. Pinyugina E.V. (2020) "Patriarkh Sergiy v politike pamyati Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi v kontse XX — nachale XXI vv." [Patriarch Sergius in the Memory Policy of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries]. In: "Rossiya i sovremennyy mir" [Russia and the Modern World]. No. 2 (107). pp. 61–72. (In Russian).
10. Pishchik V.I. (2026) "Mental'nost' pokoleniy v tekuchey sovremennosti" [The Mentality of Generations in the Fluid Modernity]. Moscow. (In Russian).
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Author information
Priest Makar Tagayev
Position: Postgraduate Student,
Saratov State University
Address: 10A Volskaya str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation
Email: makarii0506@yandex.ru
Section III. History
Financial Support for Teachers of Theological Schools in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries (Based on the Example of the Vologda Diocese)
For citation:
Krasikov A. Material'noye obespecheniye pedagogov dukhovnykh uchilishch vo vtoroy polovine XIX — nachale XX veka (na materiale Vologodskoy yeparkhii) [Financial support for theological schools’ teachers in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries (by the example on the Vologda Diocese)] // Trudy Saratovskoj Pravoslavnoj Duhovnoj Seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No. 2 (33). pp. 141–155. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_141
Abstract
The formation and the subsequent reform of the primary religious education system in the Russian Empire required the involvement of a significant number of teachers with specialized theological education and sufficient methodological skills to ensure the educational process at a high level. In addition to the professional training of teachers of theological schools it was necessary to solve the issue of their appropriate financial support. This article considers the methods and the mechanisms of providing material support for teachers of theological schools due to the charters of 1867 and 1884. The legislative regulation of this issue was of a national and ecclesiastical nature, but the materials from particular dioceses (in our case from the Vologda Diocese) are used to illustrate specific processes and phenomena. The methodological basis of the research includes the principles of objectivity, historicism, also historical-comparative and historical-genetic methods. The source base mainly consists of previously unpublished archival materials from central and regional archival repositories.
Keywords:
References
Show list ▼1. Karpuk D.A. (2017) "Materialnoe polozhenie professorov duxovnyx akademiy vo vtoroy polovine XIX — nachale XX vv. (na primere Sankt-Peterburgskoy duxovnoy akademii)" [The financial situation of professors of theological academies in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries (using the example of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy)]. In: "Cerkovnaya nauka v nachale tretego tysyacheletiya: aktualnye problemy i perspektivy razvitiya. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferencii, Minsk, 2 noyabrya 2016 g" [Church Science at the Beginning of the Third Millennium: Current Issues and Development Prospects. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, Minsk, November 2, 2016.]. Minsk. pp. 193–199. (In Russian).
2. Korotkevich R.M. (2012) "Ob istochnikakh material'nogo obespecheniya dukhovnykh shkol Moskovskoy yeparkhii v kontse XVIII v." [On the Sources of Financial Support for Theological Schools of the Moscow Diocese at the End of the 18th Century]. In: "Vestnik Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriya: Literaturovedeniye. YAzykoznaniye. Kul'turologiya" [Bulletin of the Russian State Humanitarian University. Series: Literary Criticism. Linguistics. Cultural Studies]. No. 6 (86). pp. 101–115. (In Russian).
3. Ostroga V.M. (2018) "Sotsial'no-pravovoy status uchiteley dukhovnykh seminariy i uchilishch Belarusi vo vtoroy polovine XIX — nachale XX v." [The Social and Legal Status of Teachers in Theological Seminaries and Colleges of Belarus in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries]. In: "Trudy Belarusskgo gosudarstvennogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta" [Transactions of the Belarusian State Technological University]. Series 6. No. 1. pp. 26–30. (In Russian).
Author information
Alexey Krasikov
Position: Vice-Rector for Scientific and Methodological Work,
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Church-Historical Disciplines,
Vologda Theological Seminary
Address: 2, Monastyrskaya str., Vologda, 160901, Russian Federation
Position: Postgraduate student,
Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University for the Humanities
Address: 6/1, Likhov pereulok, Moscow, 127051, Russian Federation
Email: Istorik-vologda@yandex.ru
ORCID: 0009-0008-5914-6617
The Catholic Social Doctrine and the Parliamentary Strategy of the Polish Circle in the Second and Third State Dumas of the Russian Empire
For citation:
Burlyaev I. Katolicheskaya sotsial'naya doktrina i parlamentskaya strategiya Pol'skogo kolo vo II i III sozyvakh Gosudarstvennoy Dumy Rossiyskoy imperii [The Catholic social doctrine and the Parliamentary strategy of the Polish circle in the second and third State Dumas of the Russian Empire] // Trudy Saratovskoj Pravoslavnoj Duhovnoj Seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No. 2 (33). pp. 156–174. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_156
Abstract
The article examines the influence of the Catholic social doctrine on the formation of the parliamentary strategy of the Polish Circle in the Second and Third State Dumas of the Russian Empire. Based on an analysis of parliamentary records, church journalism, and papal encyclicals by Leo XIII, the study demonstrates how the principles of solidarity, subsidiarity, and the common good shaped the moral dimension of Polish deputies’ political behavior. The faction is interpreted as a model of Catholic parliamentarism, where law functioned as a form of service to justice rather than an instrument of power. Special attention is given to the Polish Circle’s stance during the 1912 Chełm Province debate, revealing how theological arguments became tools of political resistance. The conclusion emphasizes its role in forming Christian ethical politics in late imperial Russia.
Keywords:
References
Show list ▼1. Aleskerov F.T., Kravchenko A.S. (2005) "Raspredeleniye vliyaniya fraktsiy v Gosudarstvennykh dumakh Rossiyskoy imperii, 1905–1917 gg." [Distribution of Faction Influence in the State Dumas of the Russian Empire, 1905–1917]. Moscow. (In Russian).
2. Beauvois D. (2011) "Gordiyev uzel Rossiyskoy imperii. Vlast', shlyakhta i narod na Pravoberezhnoy Ukraine (1793–1914)" [The Gordian Knot of the Russian Empire. Power, Nobility, and People in Right Bank Ukraine (1793–1914)]. Moscow. (In Russian. Transl. from French).
3. Chemakin A.A. (2018) "Istoki russkoy natsional demokratii. 1896–1914 gody" [The Origins of Russian National Democracy. 1896–1914]. St. Petersburg. (In Russian).
4. Chemakin A.A. (2018) "Russkiye national-demokraty v epokhu potryaseniy. 1914 — nachalo 1920-kh godov" [Russian National Democrats in an Era of Turmoil. 1914 — Early 1920s]. St. Petersburg. (In Russian).
5. Ivanov A.A. (2013) "Pravyye v russkom parlamente: ot krizisa k krakhu (1914–1917)" [The Right in the Russian Parliament: From Crisis to Collapse (1914–1917)]. Moscow; St. Petersburg. (In Russian).
6. Kodan S.V., Fevralev S.A. (2014) "Mestnoye pravo natsional'nykh regionov v Rossiyskoy imperii (vtoraya polovina XVII — nachalo XX v.)" [Local Law of National Regions in the Russian Empire (Second Half of the 17th — Early 20th Century)]. Moscow. (In Russian).
7. Narezhny A.I., Dmitrieva N.V. (2018) "Rossiyskiye zapadnyye natsional'nyye okrainy vo vtoroy polovine XIX v.: uchebnoye posobiye v dvukh chastyakh" [Russia's Western National Outskirts in the Second Half of the 19th Century: A Textbook in Two Parts]. Part 1. Rostov¬on¬Don; Taganrog. (In Russian).
8. Timiryaev D.O. (2019) "Politicheskaya bor'ba v Rossiyskoy imperii na stranitsakh otechestvennoy konservativnoy i liberal'noy publitsistiki v kontse XIX — nachale XX vv. Pol'skiy vopros" [Political Struggle in the Russian Empire in the Pages of Domestic Conservative and Liberal Journalism in the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries. The Polish Question]. Moscow. (In Russian).
9. Werth P. (2012) "Pravoslaviye, inoslaviye, inoveriye. Ocherki po istorii religioznogo raznoobraziya Rossiyskoy imperii" [Orthodoxy, Heterodox Faith, and Other Beliefs. Essays on the History of Religious Diversity in the Russian Empire]. Moscow. (In Russian).
10. Zemtsov L.I., Naidenova, E.A., Shevchenko, I.A. (2020) "Istoriya Rossii v kontse XIX — nachale XX veka. 1907–1917 gody" [History of Russia in the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries. 1907–1917]. Part 2. Lipetsk. (In Russian).
Author information
Ilya Burlyaev
Position: Postgraduate Student,
Sretensky Theological Academy
Address: 19, Bolshaya Lubyanka str., bl. 3, Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation
Email: inburlyaev@mail.ru
ORCID: 0009-0007-1927-3964
The Perm Diocese amid Socio-Political Transformations in the Early 20th Century: Insights from Official Church Periodicals
For citation:
Balabeikina O., Bishop Joasaph (Vishnyakov A.), Tirro Zolotaikina E. Permskaya yeparkhiya na fone obshchestvenno-politicheskikh transformatsiy nachala XX veka (po materialam ofitsial'noy tserkovnoy periodiki) [The Perm diocese amid socio-political transformations in the early 20th century: insights from official church periodicals] // Trudy Saratovskoj Pravoslavnoj Duhovnoj Seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No. 2 (33). pp. 175–191. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_175
Abstract
The article examines the impact of the revolutionary events of 1917–1919 on the life of the Russian Orthodox Church, using the Perm diocese as a case study. Based on materials from the Perm Diocesan Gazette, the clergy's reaction to political changes is analyzed in detail and comprehensively. Despite the closure of religious schools, the diocese attempted to maintain its educational activities through the diocesan journal; correspondence courses for seminarians were organized, and calls for unity were published. Religious processions continued in the region, and new parishes were opened. The brief reopening of the seminary in 1919 under the Kolchak government confirms the direct dependence of church life on the political situation. The article concludes that the Perm diocese demonstrated organizational resilience, and the Perm Diocesan Gazette serves as a representative source on the history of the Church during this critical period.
Keywords:
References
Show list ▼1. Balabeykina O.A., Talantseva P.A. (2025) "Pravoslavnyye periodicheskiye izdaniya v Finlyandii: proshloye i nastoyashcheye" [Orthodox Periodicals in Finland: Past and Present]. In: "Vestnik Orenburgskoy dukhovnoy seminarii" [Bulletin of the Orenburg Theological Seminary]. No. 3 (36). pp. 177–191. (In Russian).
2. Balabeykina O.A., Vishnyakov A.P., Yudina D.A. (2025) "Smolenskaya yeparkhiya v 1917–1918 gg. (na osnovanii materialov ofitsial'noy yeparkhial'noy periodiki)" [The Smolensk Diocese in 1917–1918 (Based on Official Diocesan Periodicals)]. In: "Teologicheskiy vestnik Smolenskoy pravoslavnoy dukhovnoy seminarii" [Theological Bulletin of the Smolensk Orthodox Theological Seminary]. No. 3 (28). pp. 298–308. (In Russian).
3. Bosenko S.V. (2024) "Missiya prikhodskogo dukhovenstva Voronezhskoy yeparkhii v XIX — nachale XX vv" [The Mission of the Parish Clergy of the Voronezh Diocese in the 19th — Early 20th Centuries]. In: "Trudy Belgorodskoy pravoslavnoy dukhovnoy seminarii (s missionerskoy napravlennost'yu)" [Works of the Belgorod Orthodox Theological Seminary (with a Missionary Focus)]. No. 18. pp. 155–164. (In Russian).
4. Geraskin Yu.V. (2017) "1917 god i situatsiya v Ryazanskoy yeparkhii" [1917 and the Situation in the Ryazan Diocese]. In: "Magistra Vitae. Elektronnyy zhurnal po istoricheskim naukam i arkheologii" [Magistra Vitae. Electronic Journal of Historical Sciences and Archaeology]. No. 1. pp. 69–74. (In Russian).
5. Kashin D.V. (2019) "Kostromskaya yeparkhiya v marte 1917 goda: proshchaniye s monarkhiyey" [The Kostroma Diocese in March 1917: Farewell to the Monarchy]. In: "Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta" [Bulletin of Kostroma State University]. Vol. 25. No. 3, pp. 29–32. (In Russian).
6. Kashtanov D.G. (2015) "Missionerskaya deyatel'nost' v Yekaterinburgskoy yeparkhii v kontse XIX — nachale XX veka (po materialam «Yekaterinburgskikh yeparkhial'nykh vedomostey» za 1886–1917 gody)" [Missionary Activity in the Yekaterinburg Diocese in the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries (Based on Materials from the Yekaterinburg Diocesan Gazette for 1886–1917)]. In: "Vestnik Svyato-Filaretovskogo instituta" [Bulletin of the St. Philaret Institute]. No. 15. pp. 37–54. (In Russian).
7. Kurapov A.A. (2022) "Deyatel'nost' astrakhanskogo yeparkhial'nogo komiteta pravoslavnogo missionerskogo obshchestva v predrevolyutsionnyy period (1915 — nachalo 1917 gg.): po materialam gosudarstvennogo arkhiva astrakhanskoy oblasti" [The Activities of the Astrakhan Diocesan Committee of the Orthodox Missionary Society in the Pre-Revolutionary Period (1915 — Early 1917): Based on Materials from the State Archives of the Astrakhan Region]. In: "Byulleten' Kalmytskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiyskoy akademii" [Bulletin of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy]. No. 4. pp. 23–37. (In Russian).
8. Marchenko A.N. (2017) "Tserkovno-administrativnyye preobrazovaniya v Permskoy yeparkhii nakanune Fevral'skoy revolyutsii" [Church-Administrative Transformations in the Perm Diocese on the Eve of the February Revolution]. In: "Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Istoriya" [Bulletin of Perm University. History]. No. 4(39). pp. 35–45. (In Russian).
9. Marchenko A.N., Nechaev M.G. (2018) "Otnosheniye vysshey tserkovnoy iyerarkhii k Fevral'skoy revolyutsii na primere Permskoy yeparkhii" [The Attitude of the Highest Church Hierarchy to the February Revolution: The Case of the Perm Diocese]. In: "Tekhnologos" [Tekhnologos]. No. 1. pp. 90–98. (In Russian).
10. Pecheryn A.V. (2018) "Evolyutsiya politicheskikh vzglyadov dukhovenstva Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi na sobytiya 1917 g. (na primere ural'skogo regiona)" [The Evolution of Political Views of the Clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church on the Events of 1917 (using the Ural Region as an Example)]. In: "Vestnik Yekaterinburgskoy dukhovnoy seminarii" [Bulletin of the Yekaterinburg Theological Seminary]. No. 1 (21). pp. 204–213. (In Russian).
11. Pozdnyakov V.Yu. (2021) "Polemika na stranitsakh «Tambovskikh yeparkhial'nykh vedomostey» v nachale XX veka" [Controversy on the Pages of the Tambov Diocesan Gazette at the Beginning of the 20th Century]. In: "Bogoslovskiy sbornik Tambovskoy dukhovnoy seminarii" [Theological Collection of the Tambov Theological Seminary]. No. 1 (14). pp. 172–192. (In Russian).
12. Safronov A.N. (2019) "Missionerskaya deyatel'nost' bratii Belogorskogo Svyato-Nikolayevskogo muzhskogo monastyrya Permskoy yeparkhii sredi staroobryadtsev" [Missionary Activity of the Brotherhood of the Belogorsky St. Nicholas Monastery of the Perm Diocese Among the Old Believers]. In: "Vestnik Yekaterinburgskoy dukhovnoy seminarii" [Bulletin of the Yekaterinburg Theological Seminary]. No. 3 (27). pp. 312–337. (In Russian).
13. Sapsay A.V. (2016) "Deyatel'nost' tserkovno¬prikhodskikh popechitel'stv po organizatsii prikhodskikh shkol i priyutov dlya detey v Permskoy yeparkhii (konets XIX — nachalo XX v.)" [The Activities of Church¬Parish Guardianships in Organizing Parish Schools and Orphanages for Children in the Perm Diocese (Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries)]. In: "Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo" [Bulletin of the N.I. Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod]. No. 5. pp. 60–68. (In Russian).
14. Seliverstova I.A. (2024) "K voprosu o missionerskom znachenii tserkovno-ustavnogo blagochestiya v preodolenii staroobryadcheskogo raskola (na primere sluzheniya Belogorskogo Svyato-Nikolayevskogo missionerskogo monastyrya Permskoy yeparkhii)" [On the Missionary Significance of Church-Statutory Piety in Overcoming the Old Believer Schism (Based on the Ministry of the Belogorsky St. Nicholas Missionary Monastery of the Perm Diocese)]. In: "Bogoslovskiy vestnik" [Theological Bulletin]. No. 2 (53). pp. 336–363. (In Russian).
15. Soloviev A.A. (2017) "Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov' v rakurse fevralya 1917 goda" [The Russian Orthodox Church from the Perspective of February 1917]. In: "Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta" [Bulletin of the Kostroma State University]. Vol. 23. No. 4. pp. 271–274. (In Russian).
Author information
Olga Balabeikina
Academic degree, title: Candidate of Sciences in Geography, Associate Professor
Position: Associate Professor of the Department of Regional Economics and Environmental Management, St. Petersburg State University of Economics
Address: 21, Sadovaya str., St. Petersburg, 191023, Russian Federation
Email: Olga8011@yandex.ru
ORCID: 0000-0001-9520-8880
Bishop of Slavgorod and Kamensk Joasaph (Andrey Vishnyakov)
Position: applicant for the degree of Candidate of Theology, Saint Petersburg Theological Academy
Address: 17 Naberezhnaya Obvodnogo Kanala, Saint Petersburg, 191167, Russian Federation
Email: asaf_2010@mail.ru
ORCID: 0009-0007-4543-758X
Elena Tirro Zolotaikina
Position: student, St. Petersburg State University of Economics
Address: 21, Sadovaya str., St. Petersburg, 191023, Russian Federation
Email: Myfoxgeo@gmail.com
ORCID: 0009-0006-1583-3592
Everyday Life of the Parish Clergy of Soviet Kazakhstan in the 1920s — 40s (in Terms of the Biography of Archpriest Ignatius Onufrievich Kondratyuk)
For citation:
Berezin M., priest. Povsednevnaya zhizn' prikhodskogo dukhovenstva Sovetskogo Kazakhstana v 1920–40 gody (v aspekte biografii protoiyereya Ignatiya Onufriyevicha Kondratyuka) [Everyday life of the parish clergy of Soviet Kazakhstan in the 1920s — 40s (in terms of the biography of Archpriest Ignatius Onufrievich Kondratyuk)] // Trudy Saratovskoj Pravoslavnoj Duhovnoj Seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No. 2 (33). pp. 192–216. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_192
Abstract
The article examines the everyday life of the Orthodox clergy of Soviet Kazakhstan in the period of 1920–40s. Among the many personalities of the era, the author has chosen the personality of priest Ignatius Onufrievich Kondratyuk. The choice is due to objective reasons. The life of Archpriest Ignatius reflected many dramatic events and twists in the history of Russia in the 20th century. Coming from a family of a simple railway employee of the Grodno province, the future priest experienced evacuation to the East, participation in the battles of World War I, ordination during the Civil War, difficult pastoral service during the era of persecution, imprisonment in forced labor camps, the loss of loved ones, a return to pastoral service and post-war difficulties. As important documentary evidence, the author used the previously unpublished diary of the priest's wife Anna Nikolaevna Kondratyuk (1897–1944). In addition to a direct description of the daily life of the priest's family, this source contains unique correspondence from the period of investigation and imprisonment. The author shows that, despite Soviet anti¬church persecution, priest Ignatius Onufrievich Kondratyuk was able to worthily fulfill the feat of pastoral service entrusted to him by the Church.
Keywords:
References
Show list ▼1. Abdrakhmanova K.K. (2013) "Religiya v povsednevnoy zhizni gorodskogo naseleniya tsentral'nogo Kazakhstana v poslevoyennyy period" [Religion in the Everyday Life of the Urban Population of Central Kazakhstan in the Post-War Period]. In: "Vestnik ugrovedeniya" [Bulletin of Ugrological Studies]. No. 1 (12). pp. 102–109. (In Russian).
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3. Berezina M. (2022) "Prikhodskoye dukhovenstvo Severnogo Kazakhstana v kontekste novogo kursa konfessional'noy politiki Sovetskogo gosudarstva (1940–1950 gg.)" [Parish Clergy of Northern Kazakhstan in the Context of the New Course of Confessional Policy of the Soviet State (1940–1950)]. In: "Tserkovnyy istorik" [Church Historian]. No. 1 (7). pp. 184–185. (In Russian).
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Author information
Priest Mikhail Berezin
Position: Lecturer of the Department of Church History,
Almaty Orthodox Theological Seminary
Address: 28/3 Baisheva str., Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Email: berezin_mihail@mail.ru
On the Issue of Publications of Lutheran Literature in Russia in the XX ─ Early XXI Centuries
For citation:
Furs A., Khrustaleva A. K voprosu ob osnovnykh tendentsiyakh izdaniya lyuteranskoy literatury v Rossii v KHKH — nachale XXI veka [On the issue of publications of Protestant literature in Russia at the turn of the century] // Trudy Saratovskoj Pravoslavnoj Duhovnoj Seminarii [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No. 2 (33). pp. 217–230. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_217
Abstract
In this article, we will try to summarize some of the data we have on how exactly Lutheran literature has been represented in Russia. This material is written, among other things, based on the cultural and educational events held in the Chapel of St. John the Theologian, where completely different religious and secular studies have taken the form of a kind of symbiosis. In particular, many events were devoted to the history of literature. The article demonstrates the gradualness of banning the Lutheran book publishing in the XX century (and the gradual lifting of that ban).
Keywords:
References
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Author information
Pastor Alexander Furs
Position: Pastor, Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Ingria on the territory of Russian Federation
Address: 8B. Konyushennaya str., St. Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation
Email: melanchton@mail.ru
ORCID: 0009-0002-7607-8464
Anna Khrustaleva
Academic degree, title: Doctor of Sciences in Philology, Associate Professor
Position: Associate Professor of the Department of English Language and Teaching Methods,
Saratov State University
Address: 3, A.N. Zauloshnov str., Saratov, 410028, Russian Federation
Email: tevlin1982@mail.ru
ORCID: 0000-0001-9015-2523
Book Reviews
Faith as Participation: An Exegetical Study of Some Key Texts of the Apostle Paul
For citation:
Kovshov M. Vera kak souchastiye: ekzegeticheskoye issledovaniye nekotorykh klyuchevykh tekstov apostola Pavla [Faith as participation: an exegetical study of some key texts of the Apostle Paul]. Book review: Jeanette Hagen Pifer. Faith as Participation. An Exegetical Study of Some Key Pauline Texts. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen Zum Neuen Testament. 2 Reihe. (WUNT II 486). Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019. VII + 258 p. // Trudy Saratovskoi pravoslavnoi dukhovnoi seminarii. [Proceedings of the Saratov Orthodox Theological Seminary]. 2026. No 2 (33). pp. 231–239. DOI: 10.56621/27825884_2026_33_231
Book review
Jeanette Hagen Pifer. Faith as Participation. An Exegetical Study of Some Key Pauline Texts. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen Zum Neuen Testament. 2 Reihe. (WUNT II 486). Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019. VII + 258 p.
References
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8. Hagen J.M. (2016) Faith as Participation: An Exegetical Study of Some Key Pauline Texts. Doctoral thesis. Available at: https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/11694/ (15/03/2026). (In English).
9. Kovshov M.V. (2024) "«Novyy vzglyad na Pavla» v trudakh Martina de Bura, Mikhaelya Vol'tera i Dzhona M. G. Barkli" [“A New Look at Paul” in the Works of Martin de Boer, Michael Voltaire, and John M.G. Barclay]. In: "Voprosy bogosloviya" [Questions of Theology]. No. 2 (12). pp. 13–23. (In Russian).
10. Martyn J.L. (2004) Galatians. Yale. (In English).
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13. Pifer J.H. (2019) Faith as Participation. An Exegetical Study of Some Key Pauline Texts. Tьbingen. (In English).
Author information
Mikhail Kovshov
Academic degree, title: Candidate of Theology, Associate Professor
Position: Associate Professor of the Department of Biblical Studies,
Moscow Theological Academy
Address: Holy Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra, Sergiev Posad, 141300, Russian Federation
Position: Researcher,
Perervinskaya Orthodox Theological Seminary
Address: 82 Highway str., Moscow, 109383, Russian Federation
Email: paul.quest@nextmail.ru
ORCID: 0000-0003-0656-1135